Simarouba amara pdf

Where seed amara in the 50 ha FDP representing three size categories at 20 m dispersal is limited, we expect to observe increased distance classes: cm dbh a , 1—10 cm dbh b and o1 cm dbh c.

Even with for the same classes failed to detect significant spatial random mating, patches of highly related individuals autocorrelation at the same distances Figure 3a and b. Widespread seed dispersal genetic structure at distance classes of 0—40, 80—, and large neighborhood size or overlapping seed and — m using microsatellites. We observed a shadows can erase the spatial genetic structure, however, negative autocorrelation at distances between and even if pollen flow is restricted Hamrick and Loveless, m Figure 2c.

Aggregation index values of 0. In fact, the AFLP more aggregated than would be expected at random. The analyses failed to find significant spatial autocorrelation, mean distance to the nearest individual for the , 1—10, though it was detected using microsatellites in all three and the o1 cm dbh cohorts is There has been some difference of opinion respectively.

Combining the largest two size classes regarding the relative usefulness of AFLPs and micro- reduces the mean distance between nearest individuals to satellites summarized in Campbell et al, We found With an estimated mean dispersal were not significant, in spite of using a sizeable number distance of nearly 40 m, one would expect to observe at of AFLP bands for analysis. This difference may be due least some weak spatial genetic structure in S. We do the dominant AFLP markers. In further discussion we observe structure at shorter distance classes for all three refer specifically to microsatellite findings.

Current We suggest that localized seed fall from related modeling techniques, however, likely underestimate individuals accounts for the spatial genetic structure seed dispersal distances because they assume seeds in detected at the shortest distance categories for S.

Models also fail The genetic structure pattern we observed at longer to adequately account for long-distance seed input that distance classes between and m for the may play a substantial role in spatial genetic processes o1 cm dbh category results from nearby individuals Oddou-Muratorio et al, , as well as individual being more closely related than randomly selected variability in fecundity and survivorship Godoy and individuals in the population.

At further distances, Jordano, Perhaps, the lack of relatedness we any reproductive size adult is considered a potential detected at longer distance classes reflects long-distance seed donor. B1 ha to several kilometers for vertebrate-dispersed The spatial scale of genetic autocorrelation declines tropical tree species eg Degen et al, a; Dutech et al, from the o1 cm dbh size class to the 1—10 and Our experimental design is comparable to that of cm dbh classes, suggesting that demographic thin- Degen et al a , who analyzed spatial genetic ning may be occurring between seed deposition, seedling structure using RAPD markers for eight canopy tree establishment, and recruitment to later life history species in French Guiana using m distance cate- stages.

The mean minimum distance between seedlings gories. They used the same randomized sampling is less than that of older individuals: Four of 0. Also, since our related- four species did exhibit significant spatial autocorrela- ness values for the larger two size classes does not tions.

Weak spatial genetic structure for both adults and exceed 1. Guiana Doligez and Joly, , though data were Data from the FDP censuses intervals provide further analyzed at the scale of hundreds of meter distance evidence of demographic thinning in S.

Only classes. For example, between dispersed dioecious tree in southern Korea. Such thinning may contribute to the Hamrick et al found that two wind-dispersed decay of spatial genetic structure through the culling of species exhibited spatial genetic structure to 30 m Alseis half-sibs in aggregations, or selection against inbred blackiana and m Platypodium elegans on BCI, though individuals.

Selection against homozygotes is suggested only in the o1. We the wind-dispersed tree Dicorynia guianensis for saplings found that overall levels of heterozygosity at all five and adults from 50 to ca. Muller-Landau estimated a mean dispersal The variety of seed and pollen dispersal syndromes distance of 39 m for S.

Nonetheless, the tems. However, molecular approaches provide useful generally low density of cm dbh S. Additional studies at multiple spatial and in a mixture of different single tree progenies that might temporal scales will help improve our knowledge of obscure weak spatial structure, and our finding of the mechanisms and impacts of dispersal at both local genetic autocorrelation at short distances in all age and large scales.

Evidence of low gene flow in a Neotropical clustered tree species in This research is part of a collaborative effort between the two rainforest stands of French Guiana. Mol Ecol — Apiaceae , Forestieres lab in France. This work received principal inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphism financial support from the Mellon Foundation, and markers.

Mol Ecol 9: — Godoy JA, Jordano P Seed dispersal by animals: exact supplementary support from the National Science identification of source trees with endocarp DNA micro- Foundation and the International Plant Genetic Resource satellites. The concept of genetic diversity and its provided BDH support for S.

We thank formal relationship to heterozygosity and genetic distance. An exact test for randomness of mating. Comparing relative rates of Calderon, SJ Wright and the Environmental Sciences pollen and seed gene flow in the island model using nuclear Program of the Smithsonian Institution for seed trap and organelle measures of population structure.

Genetics data. Insightful comments from J Hamrick and two — The influence of seed anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. References pp — Reproductive dominance of seed dispersal mechanisms on the genetic structure of pasture trees in a fragmented tropical forest mosaic. Science tropical tree populations. Hladik A, Hladik CM Demographic and genetic models in Panama. La Terre et la Vie 1: 25— Seed dispersal by fruit-eating birds and tropical rain forest tree species.

Annu Rev Ecol Systematics mammals. Academic — Press: Sydney, Australia. Bawa KS Plant—pollinator interactions in tropical rain Hubbell SP Tree dispersion, abundance, and diversity in forests.

Annu Rev Ecol Systematics — Science — Diversity of canopy trees in a Cordia alliodora Boraginaceae , a Neotropical tree. Gene Neotropical forest and implications for conservation.

In: flow, neighborhood and population substructure. Ecol Appl 1: — Ryan MG b A simple method for estimating gross carbon budgets for vegetation in forest ecosystems. Tree Physiol 9: — Oecologia in press. Sprugel DG Components of woody-tissue respiration in young Abies amabilis trees. Trees 4: 88— CRC, Boston. McGraw-Hill, New York. J Theor Biol — Academic Press, Orlando. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Am J Bot — Plant Cell Environ — New Phytol — Community respiration.

Nat Life SE Asia 5: 83— J Biol Osaka 5— Download references. Organization for Tropical Studies, Apartado You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Reprints and Permissions. Ryan, M. Woody-tissue respiration for Simarouba amara and Minquartia guianensis , two tropical wet forest trees with different growth habits. Oecologia , — Download citation. Received : 09 February Accepted : 26 July Issue Date : December Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Cut fruit, showing seed Photograph by: O. Inflorescence Photograph by: O. Handbook No. Publication Author Chudnoff. Year ISBN Description Quite detailed information on more than 60 species of Caribbean timber trees, giving species descriptions, habitat, detailed info on the wood and some info on other uses. Available for download on the internet. Year ISBN Description Terse descriptions of over 1, species from the Guianas that bear fruits - not necessarily edible! Often mentions if the fruit is edible, plus gives brief description of habit and habitat.

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